Why Horses Kick and What to Do About It

Why Horses Kick

Horses kick for various reasons. One common cause is biting flies around their legs and belly, which they may try to dislodge with a kick. Horses with colic may also kick at their belly, and they might stamp or kick if a prickly weed or other irritant tickles their legs. These types of kicks are generally not very forceful, as the goal is to relieve discomfort without causing themselves harm.

In the pasture, horses often kick at each other. These kicks, particularly during play, are usually not strong and seldom make contact. This playful behavior often accompanies galloping and bucking as a way to burn off energy.

Defense Mechanism

Kicking can also serve as a defense mechanism, typically involving strong, well-aimed kicks. A horse might kick to protect its food, foal, or a close companion, or in response to aggression from another horse. In the wild, horses use powerful double-legged kicks to fend off predators. Similarly, a mare may kick a stallion if she isn’t receptive to breeding.

This defensive instinct can explain why some horses kick when startled. For example, they may react defensively if a person, animal, or object suddenly appears behind them. Horses in training to pull equipment may kick if they are not given enough time to adjust to the sight and sounds of a horse-drawn vehicle.

When Kicking Becomes a Problem

Kicking during handling, riding, or driving can become a dangerous habit. Horses that learn to kick as a way to avoid discomfort or threats can develop this behavior into a vice. For instance, some horses become uneasy when others get too close and may kick to maintain personal space. This poses risks in group rides or crowded settings like horse shows, where riders, spectators, and other horses could be injured.

Some horses kick at dogs, cats, or ponies that venture too near. Horses that have experienced pain during saddling or girthing might "cow-kick" in anticipation of being pinched. In one incident, a young horse cow-kicked and injured someone attempting to tighten the girth.

Occasionally, horses kick out of defiance, aiming their kicks at a person without intent to connect. This behavior often occurs during lunging or round pen training. Bored or impatient horses may also kick stall walls, creating a nuisance.

Managing a Problem Kicker

If a horse is a habitual kicker, several strategies can help. When out in public, tying a red ribbon to the horse’s tail alerts others to keep their distance. While riding in groups, staying at the back of the pack and informing others of the behavior can reduce risks. Teaching the horse to respond to leg aids and encouraging forward movement can also prevent kicking by keeping the horse focused and under control.

When handling a kicker, extra caution is essential. Everyone working around the horse should stay out of range of its hind legs. In crowded settings like fairs or horse shows, position the horse away from foot traffic and other animals.

Understanding Body Language

Most horses signal their intent to kick through body language. Recognizing early signs like ear positioning, head movement, or body posture can help you anticipate a kick and redirect the horse’s attention. Desensitizing the horse to triggers gradually can reduce the likelihood of kicking. For example, if a horse is scared of a particular object, introducing it slowly can help build confidence. If a horse kicks during saddling, taking time to be gentle and consistent can alleviate its fear. In the pasture, separating a horse that kicks excessively may be necessary to prevent injuries to others.

Using Kicking Chains

Kicking chains are a tool that can discourage kicking. These short chains, attached to the horse's hind pasterns, create an unpleasant sensation when the horse kicks. However, they must be used with caution. Improper use can worsen the problem or create new issues, such as fear of leg wraps or boots. Horses may also become accustomed to the chains, rendering them ineffective. Kicking chains should never be used while riding, and any attempt to use them should be done under expert supervision.